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ADHD Medications Stimulants are often the first medical doctors attempt to control symptoms. They raise levels of two chemical messengers within the brain, namely norepinephrine as well as dopamine. The most commonly used stimulants are the methylphenidate (branded Ritalin and Concerta) and lisdexamfetamine (brand name Vyvanse). They reduce appetite and can cause weight loss in children. They also raise blood pressure and heart rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate (brand name Ritalin) is the most commonly used stimulant medication for ADHD in adults and children. It is a medication that alters the amount of certain natural substances in the brain. It is available in liquid, chewable tablet or capsule forms. The long-acting tablet and orally disintegrating tablets supply some of the medicine right away, while the long-release capsule releases an ongoing dose over time. It is advised not to consume alcohol while taking these drugs. Stimulant drugs like methylphenidate trigger parts of the brain that are not active for people suffering from ADHD such as the brain regions involved with concentration. They improve concentration and make things easier such as listening, following instructions, and paying attention. These medicines can help in reducing physical aggression and some other forms of antisocial behaviour. Studies of the effects of methylphenidate on the brain show that it boosts levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens. It doesn't bind to the transporter of serotonin and does not alter the levels of serotonin. This mechanism of action is thought to explain the reason why methylphenidate lessens symptoms of ADHD. Methylphenidate should be taken as part of a comprehensive treatment program for ADHD that includes counseling and other educational programs. It can cause unwanted effects, such as stomachaches and headaches. It is not usually advised for pregnant women. However, if the benefits of the medicine outweigh the risks, it may be administered during pregnancy. Your doctor will offer guidance. Methylphenidate is a Schedule II drug, which means it has a high risk of abuse and addiction. It can also be a central nervous stimulant, and raise blood pressure and heart rates in some people. These effects could be harmful for people with medical conditions that affect how the body reacts to blood pressure and heart rate-lowering medications, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (fatty liver disease) or a history of stroke or heart attack. Methylphenidate could trigger allergic reactions in some people. Tell your doctor if you have allergies. They may be able prescribe a medication that won't trigger these reactions. Amphetamines Amphetamines, which are a type of psychostimulant are used to treat ADHD. They work by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which enhance cognitive performance and motivational behaviors. These drugs are also effective in treating narcolepsy, an illness that is known as excessive sleep. Amphetamines are available over the drugstore or through prescription from a doctor. They are sometimes prescribed to children who don't respond to methylphenidate, the first option for treating ADHD in the US. Researchers examined seven randomized controlled studies of amphetamines in children and adolescents suffering from ADHD (dextroamphetamine [Vyvanse], lisdexamfetamine, or mixed amphetamines salts). The results showed that amphetamines were superior to placebo when it came to reducing the severity of core ADHD symptoms. However, the majority of studies had a high risk of bias. This makes it difficult to know if the differences found between various amphetamines are genuine. Different dosages of the drug were investigated and no differences were observed between immediate-release and sustained-release formulations. The authors also examined the effects of changing the length of time consumed daily however, no differences were observed. The authors also examined whether the combination d-amphetamine and lamphetamine, which is the main ingredient of Adderall is more effective than damphetamine alone. The researchers discovered that d-amphetamine on its own was not as effective as the combination. The authors concluded that their external validity was limited by the brief duration of the research and the strict inclusion criteria. It would be helpful to conduct longitudinal RCTs that have longer follow-up times and objective outcomes that are not influenced by blinding failure. In addition future RCTs should consider using multiple comparator drugs to improve the validity of their findings. The current guidelines recommend lisdexamfetamine or methylphenidate as a first-line drug treatment for adults with ADHD. If the six-week study of these drugs does not bring about the desired results, doctors can switch to dexamfetamine standard which breaks down quicker into damphetamine and requires more frequent use. Atomoxetine is a different alternative in the event that lisdexamfetamine doesn't provide enough benefit for the patient. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant drugs help ease ADHD symptoms in 70% to the 80% of adults and children who use them. These medications reduce hyperactivity, interrupting, fidgeting and other disruptive behaviors, improving focus, academic performance and social skills. The doctor treating your child may prescribe them as a first-line treatment, or they may be utilized in conjunction with other treatments such as behavioral therapy. The medication is available in pills, liquids or patches that are put on the skin. When your child begins taking these medicines, your healthcare professional will monitor their bodily responses in order to determine the correct dose. They will also look for any adverse effects. Long-acting stimulants are designed to alleviate symptoms throughout the day without the need for frequent dosages. They contain a delayed-release element which means that the medication is absorbed into your body at different times. This provides consistent coverage for up 8 hours. They also have a lower chance of misuse and diversion than short-acting stimulants. Treatments that help people suffering from ADHD improve their attention, focus and impulsivity typically are classified into two drug classes such as amphetamines or methylphenidates. The medication affects dopamine levels in the brain. It could take up to a week to experience the full effects of these medications and therefore your doctor will likely begin with a small dosage and increase it gradually. The kind of stimulant your child consumes depends on a range of factors such as age, weight and whether or not your child is allergic to the medication or other substances. Tell your doctor if you child is taking any other prescription or OTC medications or vitamins, as well as supplements. Certain medications can have dangerous effects when combined with other substances and therefore, your doctor has to be aware of everything you and your child are taking. concerta adhd medication can cause adverse effects, including sleepiness, loss of appetite and headaches. These side effects typically disappear within a few weeks or months, however if you are still experiencing these symptoms, you should consult your doctor. You might be able to reduce the effects of your medication with food or altering the dosage. Short-acting stimulants There's a good chance that medication can be beneficial whether or not your child suffers from ADHD. According to studies between 70% and 80percent of adults with ADHD and children who are taking ADHD medication improve. These medications help with symptoms like hyperactivity, interruptions fidgeting, disorientation, and difficulties staying focused or finishing tasks. People often have fewer problems at home and in school and have better relationships with their families. The effects of stimulants alter the levels of norepinephrine, and dopamine in your brain. They are the first treatment that doctors recommend for both adults and children with ADHD. Methylphenidate (brand name Ritalin) and dextroamphetamine (brand name Adderall) are two of the most commonly prescribed stimulants. These medications can be prescribed in extended-release by doctors and lasts for 6 to 16 hours. They can be taken in the morning, or at different times throughout the day to avoid spikes and valleys in blood levels. Your child or you may require a variety of dosages and medications before you find the right one that helps. Some of the side effects are headaches, stomachaches and changes in blood pressure or heart rate. These symptoms typically occur when a new drug is first introduced or when the dosage is increased. These effects usually disappear with time as the body gets used to the medication. All medications can trigger adverse reactions. However they aren't commonly experienced by people often, or infrequently. Speak to your doctor right away if you or your child experiences an adverse reaction. There are instances where a person who has ADHD doesn't need stimulant medications. This is especially true if they have very well-developed coping skills or are able to arrange their lives in a way that the ADHD medication is only used in special situations when they need it. Doctors may also suggest nonstimulant ADHD medication for certain people for example, antidepressants like bupropion (Wellbutrin). They don't have FDA approval to treat ADHD, but are utilized “off label” to treat this condition. Nonstimulant drugs can cause less sedation and depression than stimulants, however they can still have some negative effects like insomnia or agitation.